Tihar explained: Five days of celebration

Tihar, also known as Deepawali or Yamapanchak, stands out as one of the most colourful and enchanting celebrations in Nepal. Spanning five days, this festival holds a special place in the hearts of Nepalese people, as it honours various animals, cultural myths, and strengthens the bonds of love and goodwill.

Day one: Kaag Tihar (Crow Tihar)

The first day of Tihar is dedicated to the crow, considered a messenger of Yama, the god of death in Hindu mythology. People believe that offering food to crows on this day will protect their homes from negative energies and bad omens. As the sun rises, households prepare food offerings like rice, grains, and sweets, placing them on rooftops or open spaces. The cawing of crows signifies the acceptance of the offerings and the blessings of Yama. This day sets the tone for the festival, promoting gratitude and respect for all living creatures.

Day two: Kukur Tihar (Dog Tihar)

On the second day, dogs take centre stage. Dogs, known for their loyalty and companionship, are celebrated with great enthusiasm. People decorate their dogs with flower garlands and tika (a red vermilion mark) on their foreheads, offering them delicious treats and special meals. In Nepalese culture, it is believed that dogs are the guardians of the afterlife, and honoring them on this day ensures safe passage for departed souls. This day is a testament to the bond between humans and their four-legged friends.

Day three: Gai Tihar and Lakshmi Puja (Cow Tohar and Worship of Goddess Laxmi)

The third day is a blend of two significant celebrations: Gai Tihar and Laxmi Puja. Cows, regarded as sacred animals in Hinduism, are adorned with colorful garlands and offered pujas (worship). They symbolize wealth, prosperity, and motherhood. People express gratitude for the invaluable contribution of cows to their livelihoods and agriculture.

In the evening, Laxmi Puja, dedicated to the goddess of wealth and fortune, is performed. Homes are illuminated with oil lamps, candles, and colorful rangoli designs to welcome Goddess Laxmi. Special prayers, offerings, and rituals are conducted to seek her blessings for prosperity, success, and abundance in the coming year. Fireworks and the exchange of gifts are also common on this day.

Day four: Goru Tihar and Govardhan Puja

The fourth day of Tihar is devoted to oxen, known as the backbone of farming in Nepal. These sturdy animals are worshipped with tika, garlands, and special meals as a token of appreciation for their invaluable support in agriculture. This day is also associated with Govardhan Puja, which commemorates Lord Krishna’s act of lifting the Govardhan Hill to protect his fellow villagers from Lord Indra’s wrathful rains. Cow dung is sculpted into hillocks, symbolizing the Govardhan Hill, and worshipped.

Day five: Bhai Tika

The fifth and final day of Tihar is dedicated to the bond between brothers and sisters, similar to the festival of Bhai Dooj celebrated in India. Sisters perform a special puja for their brothers, applying tika, giving them garlands, and preparing a lavish feast. In return, brothers present gifts to their sisters and offer their blessings. This day celebrates the strong sibling relationship and the eternal love between them.

The five days of Tihar in Nepal are a mesmerizing journey through traditions, mythology, and the celebration of life. Each day has its unique significance and serves as a reminder of the profound respect and gratitude that Nepalese people have for animals, their cultural heritage, and the bonds of love and unity within families. This festival of lights truly showcases the beauty and diversity of Nepalese culture and leaves a lasting impression on all those fortunate enough to experience it.